Sequential vs. Simultaneous: Approaches to Learning Programming and Statistics

Authors

Robert S. Young
Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh; Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh (ZJE) Institute
Rebecca L. Colquhoun
Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London
Tiago A. Marques
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews
Brittany Blankinship
Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh
Ozan Evkaya
School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh
William P. Kay
School of Biosciences, Cardiff University

Synopsis

Within many statistics modules, programming is presented as a tool which students need to learn quickly, engage with briefly, and then move on from. Yet, both statistics and programming come with a heavy cognitive load and are sources of angst, anxiety, and confusion for students. This chapter compares three approaches to teaching statistics and programming for students who need to know both. This chapter is for anyone designing (or re-designing) a course teaching both programming and statistics. With concrete examples from the author’s diverse experiences, this chapter presents a practical guide as well as an opportunity to learn from others who have been there before.

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Published

22 June 2026